The Risks Of Cigarette Smoke — IELTS Reading Answers

According to information in the text, leukaemia and pneumonia

1. Aare responsible for 84,000 deaths each year.
2. Bare strongly linked to cigarette smoking.correct
3. Care strongly linked to lung cancer.
4. Dresult in 30 per cent of deaths per year.

“and is thought to cause about 14 per cent of leukemia and cervical cancers. In 1990, smoking caused more than 84,000 deaths, mainly resulting from such problems as pneumonia, bronchitis and influenza”

Smoking is thought to cause about 14 per cent of leukaemia and cervical cancers and over 84,000 deaths mainly from pneumonia, bronchitis and influenza, linking both to smoking.

According to information in the text, intake of carbon monoxide

1. Ainhibits the flow of oxygen to the heart.correct
2. Bincreases absorption of other smoke particles.
3. Cinhibits red blood cell formation.
4. Dpromotes nicotine absorption.

“Carbon monoxide, for example, competes with oxygen in red blood cells and interferes with the blood’s ability to deliver life-giving oxygen to the heart”

Carbon monoxide competes with oxygen in red blood cells and interferes with the blood's ability to deliver life-giving oxygen to the heart.

According to information in the text, intake of nicotine encourages

1. Ablood circulation through the body.
2. Bactivity of other toxins in the blood.
3. Cformation of blood clots.correct
4. Dan increase of platelets in the blood.

“Nicotine and other toxins in cigarette smoke activate small blood cells called platelets, which increases the likelihood of blood clots, thereby affecting blood circulation throughout the body”

Nicotine and other toxins activate small blood cells called platelets, which increases the likelihood of blood clots, so clot formation is encouraged.

Thirty per cent of deaths in the United States are caused by smoking-related diseases.

“Smoking, it is believed, is responsible for 30 per cent of all deaths from cancer and clearly represents the most important preventable cause of cancer in countries like the United States today”

Smoking is responsible for 30 per cent of deaths from cancer, not 30 per cent of all deaths, so the statement overstates the figure.

If one partner in a marriage smokes, the other is likely to take up smoking.

“As an illustration of the health risks, in the case of a married couple where one partner is a smoker and one a non-smoker, the latter is believed to have a 30 per cent higher risk of death from heart disease because of passive smoking”

The text says the non-smoking partner has a 30 per cent higher risk of heart disease; it never discusses whether that partner takes up smoking.

Teenagers whose parents smoke are at risk of getting lung cancer at some time during their lives.

“It has been calculated that 17 per cent of cases of lung cancer can be attributed to high levels of exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke during childhood and adolescence”

Seventeen per cent of lung cancer cases are attributed to high exposure to second-hand smoke during childhood and adolescence, covering teenagers with smoking parents.

Opponents of smoking financed the UCSF study.

“The report, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (AMA), was based on the researchers’ own earlier research but also includes a review of studies over the past few years. The American Medical Association represents about half of all US doctors and is a strong opponent of smoking”

The passage says the American Medical Association is a strong opponent of smoking but never reveals who financed the UCSF study.

Passive smoking ...

“A more recent study by researchers at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) has shown that second-hand cigarette smoke does more harm to non-smokers than to smokers”

Second-hand cigarette smoke does more harm to non-smokers than to smokers, matching ending E exactly.

Compared with a non-smoker, a smoker ...

“In addition to being responsible for more than 85 per cent of lung cancers, smoking is associated with cancers of, amongst others, the mouth, stomach and kidneys, and is thought to cause about 14 per cent of leukemia and cervical cancers”

Smoking is responsible for over 85 per cent of lung cancers and associated with cancers of the mouth, stomach and kidneys, so a smoker risks various cancers.

The American Medical Association ...

“The report, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (AMA), was based on the researchers’ own earlier research but also includes a review of studies over the past few years. The American Medical Association represents about half of all US doctors and is a strong opponent of smoking”

The American Medical Association is described as a strong opponent of smoking, and the report appeared in its journal, so it opposes smoking and publishes research.

Smokers’ cardiovascular systems adapt to the intake of environmental smoke.

“The study suggests that people who smoke cigarettes are continually damaging their cardiovascular system, which adapts in order to compensate for the effects of smoking”

The study suggests people who smoke continually damage their cardiovascular system, which adapts to compensate, a finding of the UCSF study.

There is a philosophical question as to whether people should have to inhale others’ smoke.

“Leaving aside the philosophical question of whether anyone should have to breathe someone else’s cigarette smoke, the report suggests that the smoke experienced by many people in their daily lives is enough to produce substantial adverse effects on a person’s heart and lungs”

The philosophical question of whether anyone should have to breathe someone else's smoke is raised and set aside by the report, an opinion.

Smoke-free public places offer the best solution.

“The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effective action is to establish smoke-free work places, schools and public places”

The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effective action is establishing smoke-free workplaces, schools and public places, their opinion.

The intake of side-stream smoke is more harmful than smoke exhaled by a smoker.

“A report published in 1992 by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emphasized the health dangers, especially from side-stream smoke”

The US Environmental Protection Agency's 1992 report emphasized the health dangers, especially from side-stream smoke, a finding of the EPA report.