Cambridge IELTS 18 · Academic · Test 1 · Passage 2
Forest Management In Pennsylvania, USA — IELTS Reading Answers
All 13 answers for Forest Management In Pennsylvania, USA, Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic Reading Test 1 Passage 2, with the passage evidence and an explanation for each.
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Forest Management In Pennsylvania, USA answer key at a glance
Questions 14–26. Tap an answer to see the evidence.
What this passage tests
This passage is tested with Matching Information (Q14–18), Matching Features (Q19–21), Sentence Completion (Q22–26). Each section below gives the strategy for that question type, the answers, and the sentence that proves them.
Questions 14–18: Matching Information
Strategy: Scan for the idea, not the exact words. The answer is a paragraph letter, and one paragraph may be used more than once unless the instructions say otherwise.
bad outcomes for a forest when people focus only on its financial reward
“In the past, Pennsylvania landowners were solely interested in the value of their trees as high-quality timber. The norm was to remove the stems of highest quality and leave behind poorly formed trees that were not as well suited to the site where they grew.”
Paragraph B describes landowners interested only in timber value and 'high-grading', which left 'low-use wood' behind - the bad outcome of focusing on financial reward.
reference to the aspects of any tree that contribute to its worth
“A tree’s ‘value’ depends on several factors including its species, size, form, condition, quality, function, and accessibility, and depends on the management goals for a given forest.”
Paragraph A lists the factors behind a tree's 'value': species, size, form, condition, quality, function and accessibility, the aspects contributing to its worth.
mention of the potential use of wood to help run vehicles
“Wood can also be gasified for electrical generation and can even be made into liquid fuels like ethanol and gasoline for lorries and cars.”
Paragraph C notes that wood can be 'made into liquid fuels like ethanol and gasoline for lorries and cars', the potential vehicle use.
examples of insects that attack trees
“With the many pests and pathogens visiting forests including hemlock wooly adelgid, Asian longhomed beetle, emerald ash borer, and gypsy moth, to name just a few,”
Paragraph E names 'hemlock wooly adelgid, Asian longhorned beetle, emerald ash borer, and gypsy moth' among the pests visiting forests.
an alternative name for trees that produce low-use wood
“Some people even call these ‘junk trees’,”
After describing 'low-use wood' in paragraph B, the text notes that some people call these trees 'junk trees', an alternative name for them.
Questions 19–21: Matching Features
Strategy: Match the statement to the named person or thing. Names can repeat, so check each option against what that person actually says.
to remove trees that are diseased
“These types of cut reduce the number of sick trees and seek to manage the future spread of a pest problem.”
Letter B is the method whose description includes reducing 'the number of sick trees' and managing 'the future spread of a pest problem', exactly removing diseased trees.
to generate income across a number of years
“It can also be used to develop a two-tier forest so that there are two harvests and the money that comes in is spread out over a decade or more.”
Letter C covers the approach creating 'two harvests' so 'the money that comes in is spread out over a decade or more', income across several years.
to create a forest whose trees are close in age
“involves removing all the mature trees when other seedlings have become established. This then allows the forester to decide which tree species are regenerated. It leaves a young forest where all trees are at a similar point in their growth.”
Letter C also 'leaves a young forest where all trees are at a similar point in their growth', that is, trees close in age.
Questions 22–26: Sentence Completion
Strategy: Find the stem's keyword in the passage, then complete the sentence with the exact words the grammar requires, within the word limit.
“Thinnings and dense and dead wood removal for fire prevention also center on the production of low-use wood.”
The gap needs what the removed wood prevents; 'Thinnings and dense and dead wood removal for fire prevention' gives the noun 'fire'.
“The tops of trees that have been cut down should be left on the site so that their nutrients cycle back into the soil.”
The sentence needs what tree tops return to the soil; the text says 'their nutrients cycle back into the soil', so 'nutrients'.
“In addition, trees with many cavities are extremely important habitats for insect predators like woodpeckers, bats and small mammals.”
The gap requires a feature of trees that shelters woodpeckers and bats; 'trees with many cavities' supplies the plural noun 'cavities'.
“For example, many species like hawthorn provide food for wildlife.”
The gap needs an example of a species providing food for wildlife; 'many species like hawthorn provide food for wildlife' names hawthorn.
“Finally, rare species of trees in a forest should also stay behind as they add to its structural diversity.”
The gap needs an adjective describing the tree species that should stay behind; 'rare species of trees ... should also stay behind' gives 'rare'.
Learn the question types in this passage
Frequently asked questions
Where does the Forest Management In Pennsylvania, USA passage come from?
It is Passage 2 of Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic Reading Test 1, and it covers Questions 14–26.
What question types appear in Forest Management In Pennsylvania, USA?
The passage is tested with Matching Information, Matching Features, Sentence Completion. Each type is explained on this page, alongside the answers.
Are these reading answers reliable?
Every answer is paired with the sentence that proves it, so you can check each one against the passage yourself. Use the page after a timed attempt, not instead of one.
Cambridge IELTS is published by Cambridge University Press & Assessment. Band9Prep is not affiliated with Cambridge. This page is an independent study aid: it gives the answer key, the passage evidence and an explanation so you can review an attempt you have already made.